HUMAN RIGHTS IN DIMENSIONS OF OCCIDENTAL AND ORIENTAL CIVILIZATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2023-4-19-27Keywords:
human rights, Occidental and Oriental legal civilizations, Islam, dialogue of cultures.Abstract
The article examines the sociocultural problems of the realization of human rights in the context of the dialogue between Occidental and Oriental civilizations. It represents the historical prerequisites and systemic causes of contradictions between the Western and Islamic concepts of human rights, explores the specifics of the value bases of the formation of the Eastern legal mentality, substantiates the need to achieve a balance in the interaction of the individual and society while preserving the cultural identity of the people. Two trends in the modern development of the Islamic legal sphere are analyzed, one of which is aimed at preserving the cultural and civilizational originality, and therefore contains signs of opposition to other legal systems; the second – on the convergence of Islamic legal thought with Western approaches to human rights. The defining features of the Muslim concept of human rights are substantiated and clarified: if Western culture cultivates a person's desire to be a subject-organizer of activity, then in Eastern cultures the subject of activity is a whole group that is the bearer of real rights, and the individual is endowed with certain rights, being part of this group. During the study, the attempts of Eastern states and their coalitions to create pan-Islamic declarations and charters, the basic provisions of which were Western counterparts, were analyzed. In particular, the main provisions of the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights of 1981 and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam were considered, which became the subject of wide discussions in eastern states. Since these documents were based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, in fact, these discussions are conditioned by the permanent confrontation between Western and Islamic concepts of human rights. It has been proven that the indicated contradictions are an objectively determined cultural and legal given, and humanity, in all its cultural diversity, cannot avoid constructive dialogue and reaching a compromise in this intercivilizational dialogue.
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