THE SCIENTIFIC DEFINITIONS AND THE PRACTICES OF LEGISLATIVE FIXING OF THE CONCEPT OF «ADMINISTRATIVE ACT»: THE DOMESTIC AND THE FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The problems connected with the monotonous understanding of the essence of administrative acts and their most complete and accurate definition, and also with the definition of their individual features, reflecting the specifics of administrative acts and delimiting these acts from others have been considered in the article. The purpose of the research is to determine the scientific approaches to the definitions and the practice of legislative consolidation of the concept of «administrative act» in the Ukraine and the foreign countries. It should be noted that the current Ukrainian legislation does not use the term «administrative act», which in turn significantly complicates the formulation of the meaningful definition. It is worth noting that the German doctrine has been dominated in most European countries in the approaches to the understanding of the concept of administrative act, in which the concept of administrative act is the central category of the administrative-legal doctrine, administrative act is recognized as «some order, decision or other official measure directed by the authority for the regulation of the individual case in the sphere of public law and which has direct external legal consequences». The conclusion has been drawn that the understanding of the concept of «administrative act» in the domestic administrative-legal tradition is characterized by the lack of the unity of the theoretical and methodological research as for the definition of its role and the place in the dogmatism of the science of administrative law. It has been emphasized that the presence of controversial interpretations of the same concept is primarily explained by the historical peculiarities of the formation of the Ukrainian administrative law. Based on the proposed definitions, which are contained in the legislation of the different countries of the world, we come to the conclusion that in its essence the administrative act performs the specifying legislative function. At the same time, it fills in uncertainties in the legal regulation, turns the guarantees provided by opportunities into reality. The German scientists generally emphasize the need for the definition of the status of the source of law by administrative act, because it creates the legal situation, rights and obligations which have the binding force.