ФІЛОСОФСЬКО-ПРАВОВІ ІДЕЇ Ф.М. ДОСТОЄВСЬКОГО
Keywords:
philosophy of law, Dostoyevsky, crime, punishment, courtAbstract
Our paper analyzes the ideas in the sphere of philosophy of law, which Fyodor Dostoevsky expressed in ‘Writer diary’ and other his writings. In particular, we reconstruct Dostoevsky’s ideas about the nature of crime, punishment and about the connections between legal relations and moral values. Also we addressed Dostoevsky’s criticism about weak points of people who practice law. We show that according to Dostoevsky the legal relations cannot ignore the moral values, because these values are the ground on which legal relations are based. He criticized the idea that the legal sphere of society can exist out of morality. For example, Dostoevsky believed that the unjust court implants in the society a habit of ignoring the differences between the good and evil. Moreover, we analyzed ‘principles of court’, that were formulated by F. Dostoevsky. The thinker believed that the mission of the court is to identify evil, point to it and publicly call it by its true name. He stressed that the evil should be called ‘evil’ and that the court mustn’t confuse the identifying of evil with the compassion for the person who committed the crime. Dostoevsky emphasized that the court should not turn a blind eye to evil. We argue that Dostoevsky also disagreed with the idea that disadvantages of social environment can justify criminal acts. Based on the Christian understanding of the human nature, Dostoevsky pointed out that a person should bear full responsibility for his actions, because he has a free will and must fight the temptation to commit evil. Analyzing the phenomenon of compassion for criminals, Dostoevsky concluded that it is based on the Christian ideas that a crime is not only harm to the victim, but also to the criminal. This thinker emphasized that the compassion does not mean that criminals should be exempt from punishment. According to Dostoevsky, punishment will help criminals to refrain from committing evil in future because punishment will help them to avoid cynicism and the idea of permissiveness as well as to realize the severity of their actions.
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